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The Eiffel tower seen by painters |
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Have a look to
(copyrights RATP for district maps)
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Insécula
Description and history of the tower.
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The Eiffel tower, was built at the time
of the World and the centennial of the French Revolution.
It should be the quintessential symbol of Paris and of the
brilance of french industrial engineering, and was designed
to be a temporary structure. The construction of the Tower
was undertaken in 1887 and it was inaugurated in March 1889..
The genuine inventors of the Tower are two engineers of
the team Eiffel, Emile Nouguier (french) and Maurice Larchevêque.
They establish the plans with the architect Henri Sauvestre
who had the idea to install platforms accessible to the
public. For the engineers, it was a question of proposing
a pylon of 984 feet (300 meters). The architect redrewed
the project by giving him his current form, with its arches
and its livable platforms . The history kept the prestige
of the realization only to the profit of Gustave Eiffel
whose merit was to deposit the patent (1884), then to give
his approval for the realization. When it engaged in the
project of the tower, the company Eiffel had already a consequent
know-how in the construction of metal works : the railway
station of Budapest, the frame statue of Freedom in New
York, a bridge on Douro in Portugal, and the viaduct of
Garabit. On January 28, 1887 began the building of the tower.
The assembly of the tower ended on March 30, 1889. Restaurants
where on the first flloor, to "satisfy concrete human material
need". On the second floor, there was the newspaper le Figaro
and a telegraph office from which il was possible to send
messages around the world.
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Some figures The tower will be lighted
by 90.000 gas burners (!), replaced by 4000 incandescent
lamps, in 1900. In 1957, a TV antenna is added to the top,
carrying the height with 1063 feet (324 meters) . The cost
of construction was of 7.400.000 francs. During the World
Fair of 1889, the receipts were 6.500.000 F. The subsidy
of the town of Paris was of 1.500.000 francs . The total
duration of work was 2 years, 2 months and 5 days. The number
of workers necessary to assemble the tower was of 121, and
we have to to add the 326 workers which worked within the
Eiffel company. One needed 18.000 different parts, assembled
by 2.500.000 rivets including 1.050.846 posed on the building
site. The tower have 1710 steps. The weight of the tower
was at the time of 7.112 tons . There are 3 observation
platforms, at 200, 400 and 900 feet. When the weather allows
it, the limits from the point of view are 37 miles (60 kilometers)
to north, 43,5 mi (70km) in the west, 34,2 mi (55km) towards
the south and 40,4 mi (65 km) in the east (Conversion table).
In 1900, the 90 000 gas burners installed to illuminate
the tower in 1889 are replaced by 4 000 incandescent lamps.
In 1937, the lighting is provided by fluorescent tubes and
750 projectors oriented to the summit of the Tower. In 1957,
an antenna is added that increased the height up more than
320 metres. In 2000, two antennas are added, the height
is now 324 meters. Nowodays, the tower’s two Otis Duo-lift
elevators travel at speeds of 500 feet per minute (2.5 meters
per second) and can carry 40 passengers up and 40 passengers
down simultaneously.
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Eiffel Tower and art Just after the Eiffel
Tower was buit, a lot of french artists, as Charles Gounod,
Guy de Maupassant, Alexandre Dumas jr, François Coppée,
Leconte de Lisle, William Bouguereau, Charles Garnier ,
Paul Verlaine, Guy de Maupassant, criticized the Tower.
However, the tower was gradually part of the Parisian landscape.
Painting : As soon as 1888, the Tower was painted by Georges
Seurat even before it was finished and by Paul-Louis Delance
. From 1910, a series of paintings made by great painters
such as le Douanier Rousseau, Paul Signac, Pierre Bonnard,
Maurice Utrillo, Marcel Gromaire, Edourd Vuillard, Raoul
Dufy, Marc Chagall, Maurice Utrillo, Henti Riviere..and
many contemporary artists, such as Laurent Veyretout. In
Nineteenth-century European Art by Terry W. Strieter wrote
" The oil painting "La Tour" (1910-1911) by Robert Delaunay.
The artist, a member of of the "Cubist pantheon, by 1909
developed his own expression of radiant and elegant forms
loosely based on Paul Cézanne's shattering of forms. After
a series of canvases of St Severin church, in 1910 he turned
his attention to the Eiffel tower, where he stressed the
immateriality of the structure. Delaunay (1885-1941) willfully
distorted the tower by breaking it into multifaceted and
multicolored surfaces. Already, in this work of 1910-11,
he began to introduce rainbow patterns of color that were
forerunners of his later studies of pure light and color..."
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How the Tower was kept alive In 1898
(5 of november) happened the first broadcast radio signals,
headed by Eugene Ducretet, from Eiffel Tower to Pantheon
(4km). Eugene Ducretet was one of the pioneers of radio
. in 1903 a radio link is established with the strong near
Paris, then with the East of France, one year later. In
1906, The tower is used as a telegraph relay station with
an emitting radius of 3000 km, which will ensure its survival.
In 1921 the first public radio show in Europe, will be broadcast
from antennas installed on the Eiffel Tower. We can say
that the broadcasting programs saved the Eiffel Tower!
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The Eiffel
during the universal exposition of 1889
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Tower and Trocadero 1900
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The restaurant of the
Tower ( universal exposition of 1889)
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The (exposition universelle
de 1889)
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La tour Eiffel vue du
pont Alexandre III
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La tour Eiffel
et la statue dela Liberté
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Tour Eiffel en pied
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La tour Eiffel lors
de l'expo universelle de 1889
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Vue sur Paris à
partir de la tour Eiffel
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Vu du sommet de la tour
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La tour vue d'avion
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Reflets sur l'eau
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La tour vue d'en-bas
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Les dessous de la vieile
dame
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Un des 4 piliers de
la tour
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Feu d'artifice sur la
tour Eiffel - vidéo
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Embrasement tour Eiffel
14 juillet 2005
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La tour Eiffel scintillante
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Eiffel tower by R Weil
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La tour illuminée des
letttres de Citroen
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Jeux de lumière,
Seine et Tour Eiffel
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Illumination de la tour
Eiffel pour l'expo internationale de 1937 par André
Granet
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Tour Eiffel et bord
de Seine
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Tour Eiffel et Tour
Eiffel vue du pont Alexandre III par Bernard
Buffet
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Paris pour les Amoureux
par Nahda Balaa
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